A Closer Look at John L. Sullivan and James J. Corbett and their ‘Watershed’ Fight

Published

3 years ago

August 25, 2022

A-Closer-Look-at-Johm-L-Sullivan-and-James-J-Corbett-and-their-Watershed-Fight

We are approaching the 130^th anniversary of the Sullivan-Corbett fight, a watershed event in the annals of pugilism. Their match at New Orleans on Wednesday, Sept 7, 1892, the grand finale of a three-day fistic carnival, riveted the nation and has been called the most important fight in the history of boxing.

In 1892, the rules governing prizefighting were still in flux. More than 20 years had passed since the Queensberry rules were introduced at an amateur boxing club in London, but the universal adoption of the rules was a slow and fitful process. The key features – padded gloves and three-minute rounds with a one-minute interval between each stanza – had come into vogue but important prizefights, by and large, were still “fights to a finish” with no ceiling on the number of rounds.

John Lawrence Sullivan had built his reputation as a bareknuckle fighter. His signature win came against Jake Kilrain whose corner tossed in the sponge after 75 rounds spread across two hours and 18 minutes. The longest round lasted perhaps 15 minutes, but many of the rounds, which had 30-second intervals, lasted mere seconds as Kilrain fell of his own volition to regain his wind.

Sullivan and Kilrain fought on the outskirts of Hattiesburg, Mississippi, on the estate of a lumber baron. At stake was the world heavyweight title by edict of the Police Gazette which was effectively the sport’s sanctioning body. The fight, which flouted the anti-prizefighting law of Mississippi – Sullivan and Kilrain had bounties on their heads, courtesy of the Governor — would be remembered as the last major bare-knuckle fight contested on American soil.

James J. Corbett’s signature fight was a 61-round, four-hour marathon with Peter Jackson in the boxing theater of San Francisco’s California Athletic club. The bout ended inconclusively. The stakes were drawn after both men became too arm-weary to land a meaningful punch. But Jackson, the “Black Prince” from Australia by way of the Virgin Islands, was so highly regarded that fighting him on even terms stamped Corbett as Sullivan’s most worthy opponent. (Jackson was ruled out as Sullivan had drawn the color line.)

John L. Sullivan, the Boston Strong Boy, was the first American athlete who could fairly be called a superstar. Abetted by a steady stream of stories about his ring exploits and his extracurricular escapades in an era in which newspapers of all stripes were expanding their coverage of sports, John L. had become larger than life. “Shake the hand of the hand that shook the hand of John L. Sullivan,” was an oft-heard expression.

The fight had a ceiling of 25 rounds. The rules under which Sullivan fought Jake Kilrain – the old rules of the London Prize Ring – allowed above-the-waist wrestling holds. Most of the best bare-knuckle boxers developed a mean cross-buttocks throw. But for Sullivan, the outlawing of wrestling under the new Queensberry code, wasn’t considered an impediment. John L. was a puncher. (Were he competing in MMA today, he would be known as a striker rather than someone with a strong ground game.)

Sullivan ruled the favorite, the odds of which would be inflated in the re-tellings. But there were many large bets on Jim Corbett. Sullivan, who was approaching his 34^th birthday, was getting a little long in the tooth whereas Corbett, at age 26, was theoretically in his prime. Moreover, although Sullivan undeniably packed a bigger punch, Corbett was plainly the better athlete, faster of foot and more cat-like in his movements.

Beyond the compelling style match-up, Sullivan vs. Corbett was a big deal because of the personas of the two combatants. The Police Gazette portrayed Sullivan as a quick-tempered, beer-soaked lout. James J. Corbett, who acquired the nickname Gentleman Jim, was portrayed as a man of refinement.

These characterizations, compatible with their fighting styles, said more about the sportswriters of the era who cultivated these images than about the two fighters. Beneath the surface, they had a great deal in common.

John L. Sullivan and James J. Corbett were both sons of working class Irish Catholic immigrants. Both had about the same amount of public schooling. As teenagers, both were hot-tempered; Corbett was kicked out of two schools for fighting. After they became famous, both had extra-marital affairs with vaudeville stars. John L. was unquestionably the bigger drinker, but Corbett may have spent more time in saloons. He came to own some; Sullivan merely patronized them.

Sullivan’s first employment was that of a plumber’s helper; Corbett briefly worked as a bank clerk, a job at which he interacted with people from the higher social classes and therein lay the biggest difference between the two. To call Jim Corbett a man of refinement was a bit of a stretch, but Corbett was certainly more comfortable in his own skin.

On those occasions where protocol dictated a tuxedo, Sullivan felt out of place and it showed in his body language. Corbett, who went on to become a prominent stage actor, was quite comfortable in formal evening attire. But this dissimilarity redounded well to Sullivan who was seen as more authentic, a man who stayed true to his roots.

The Sullivan-Corbett fight was hardly a classic. Sullivan was the aggressor throughout but Corbett, a lithe 178 pounds, had no trouble dodging his punches. In Round 21, a straight right hand put Sullivan down for the count. When he regained his senses, John L. made a short speech in which he said that if he had to lose his title, he was thankful that it came at the hands of a fellow American. Many of the old-timers in the audience were misty-eyed. They could sense it was the end of an era.

Corbett and Sullivan in retirement

It would be written that the Sullivan-Corbett fight, by virtue of the “science” displayed by Corbett, made prizefighting respectable among the middle classes which had previously looked upon the sport as a remnant of a less civilized age. But that supposition is at odds with the fact that the anti-prizefighting movement actually picked up steam over the next ten years and prizefighting would recede into the shadows in many places where it had made gains.

There was another factor at work here. As noted by several scholars, notably Denver historian Meg Frisbee, campaigns to abolish prizefighting circa 1900 were directed less at the sport itself than at the sport’s most influential enablers, Irish Catholic politicians who had seized control of the political machinery in many of America’s industrial cities.

Perhaps the Sullivan-Corbett fight wasn’t quite the watershed event that it has been cracked up to be. However, it certainly illustrated that the sport wasn’t all about slugging, that there was a cerebral component to it and that brains can trump brawn. The aficionados of the sport already knew this, but never before had it been demonstrated in such a stark fashion on such a big stage.

Arne K. Lang’s latest book, titled “George Dixon, Terry McGovern and the Culture of Boxing in America, 1890-1910,” will shortly roll off the press. The book, published by McFarland, can be pre-ordered directly from the publisher https:(https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/clashoof-the-little-giants/) or via Amazon.

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Arne K. Lang

Related Topics:Arne K. Lang Boxing Jake Kilrain James J. Corbett John L Sullivan Meg Frisbee Peter Jackson Police Gazette Queensberry The Sweet Science TSS

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The Hauser Report: Literary, Medical, and Other Boxing Notes

Thomas Hauser’s Literary Notes: Johnny Greaves Tells a Sad Tale

Published

2 days ago

May 11, 2025

Thomas Hauser

Johnny Greaves was a professional loser. He had one hundred professional fights between 2007 and 2013, lost 96 of them, scored one knockout, and was stopped short of the distance twelve times. There was no subtlety in how his role was explained to him: “Look, Johnny; professional boxing works two ways. You’re either a ticket-seller and make money for the promoter, in which case you get to win fights. If you don’t sell tickets but can look after yourself a bit, you become an opponent and you fight to lose.”

By losing, he could make upwards of one thousand pounds for a night‘s work.

Greaves grew up with an alcoholic father who beat his children and wife. Johnny learned how to survive the beatings, which is what his career as a fighter would become. He was a scared, angry, often violent child who was expelled from school and found solace in alcohol and drugs.

The fighters Greaves lost to in the pros ran the gamut from inept local favorites to future champions Liam Walsh, Anthony Crolla, Lee Selby, Gavin Rees, and Jack Catterall. Alcohol and drugs remained constants in his life. He fought after drinking, smoking weed, and snorting cocaine on the night before – and sometimes on the day of – a fight. On multiple occasions, he came close to committing suicide. His goal in boxing ultimately became to have one hundred professional fights.

On rare occasions, two professional losers – “journeymen,” they’re called in The UK – are matched against each other. That was how Greaves got three of the four wins on his ledger. On September 29, 2013, he fought the one hundredth and final fight of his career against Dan Carr in London’s famed York Hall. Carr had a 2-42-2 ring record and would finish his career with three wins in ninety outings. Greaves-Carr was a fight that Johnny could win. He emerged triumphant on a four-round decision.

The Johnny Greaves Story, told by Greaves with the help of Adam Darke (Pitch Publishing) tells the whole sordid tale. Some of Greaves’s thoughts follow:

* “We all knew why we were there, and it wasn’t to win. The home fighters were the guys who had sold all the tickets and were deemed to have some talent. We were the scum. We knew our role. Give some young prospect a bit of a workout, keep out of the way of any big shots, lose on points but take home a wedge of cash, and fight again next week.”

* “If you fought too hard and won, then you wouldn’t get booked for any more shows. If you swung for the trees and got cut or knocked out, then you couldn’t fight for another 28 days. So what were you supposed to do? The answer was to LOOK like you were trying to win but be clever in the process. Slip and move, feint, throw little shots that were rangefinders, hold on, waste time. There was an art to this game, and I was quickly learning what a cynical business it was.”

* “The unknown for the journeyman was always how good your opponent might be. He could be a future world champion. Or he might be some hyped-up nightclub bouncer with a big following who was making lots of money for the promoter.”

* “No matter how well I fought, I wasn’t going to be getting any decisions. These fights weren’t scored fairly. The referees and judges understood who the paymasters were and they played the game. What was the point of having a go and being the best version of you if nobody was going to recognize or reward it?”

* “When I first stepped into the professional arena, I believed I was tough. believed that nobody could stop me. But fight by fight, those ideas were being challenged and broken down. Once you know that you can be hurt, dropped and knocked out, you’re never quite the same fighter.”

* “I had started off with a dream, an idea of what boxing was and what it would do for me. It was going to be a place where I could prove my toughness. A place that I could escape to and be someone else for a while. For a while, boxing was that place. But it wore me down to the point that I stopped caring. I’d grown sick and tired of it all. I wished that I could feel pride at what I’d achieved. But most of the time, I just felt like a loser.”

* “The fights were getting much more difficult, the damage to my body and my psyche taking longer and longer to repair after each defeat. I was putting myself in more and more danger with each passing fight. I was getting hurt more often and stopped more regularly. Even with the 28-day [suspensions], I didn’t have time to heal. I was staggering from one fight to the next and picking up more injuries along the way.”

* “I was losing my toughness and resilience. When that’s all you’ve ever had, it’s a hard thing to accept. Drink and drugs had always been present in my life. But now they became a regular part of my pre-fight preparation. It helped to shut out the fear and quieted the thoughts and worries that I shouldn’t be doing this anymore.”

* “My body was broken. My hands were constantly sore with blisters and cuts. I had early arthritis in my hip and my teeth were a mess. I looked an absolute state and inside I felt worse. But I couldn’t stop fighting yet. Not before the 100.”

* “I had abused myself time after time and stood in front of better men, taking a beating when I could have been sensible and covered up. At the start, I was rarely dropped or stopped. Now it was becoming a regular part of the game. Most of the guys I was facing were a lot better than me. This was mainly about survival.”

* “Was my brain f***ed from taking too many punches? I knew it was, to be honest. I could feel my speech changing and memory going. I was mentally unwell and shouldn’t have been fighting but the promoters didn’t care. Johnny Greaves was still a good booking. Maybe an even better one now that he might get knocked out.”

* “Nobody gave a f*** about me and whether I lived or died. I didn’t care about that much either. But the thought of being humiliated, knocked out in front of all those people; that was worse than the thought of dying. The idea of being exposed for what I was – a nobody.”

* “I was a miserable bastard in real life. A depressive downbeat mouthy little f***er. Everything I’ve done has been to mask the feeling that I’m worthless. That I have no value. The drinks and the drugs just helped me to forget that for a while. I still frighten myself a lot. My thoughts scare me. Do I really want to be here for the next thirty or forty years? I don’t know. If suicide wasn’t so impactful on people around you, I would have taken that leap. I don’t enjoy life and never have.”

So . . . Any questions?

****

Steve Albert was Showtime’s blow-by-blow commentator for two decades. But his reach extended far beyond boxing.

Albert’s sojourn through professional sports began in high school when he was a ball boy for the New York Knicks. Over the years, he was behind the microphone for more than a dozen teams in eleven leagues including four NBA franchises.

Putting the length of that trajectory in perspective . . . As a ballboy, Steve handed bottles of water and towels to a Knicks back-up forward named Phil Jackson. Later, they worked together as commentators for the New Jersey Nets. Then Steve provided the soundtrack for some of Jackson’s triumphs when he won eleven NBA championships as head coach of the Chicago Bulls and Los Angeles Lakers.

It’s also a matter of record that Steve’s oldest brother, Marv, was arguably the greatest play-by-play announcer in NBA history. And brother Al enjoyed a successful career behind the microphone after playing professional hockey.

Now Steve has written a memoir titled A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Broadcast Booth. Those who know him know that Steve doesn’t like to say bad things about people. And he doesn’t here. Nor does he delve into the inner workings of sports media or the sports dream machine. The book is largely a collection of lighthearted personal recollections, although there are times when the gravity of boxing forces reflection.

“Fighters were unlike any other professional athletes I had ever encountered,” Albert writes. “Many were products of incomprehensible backgrounds, fiercely tough neighborhoods, ghettos and, in some cases, jungles. Some got into the sport because they were bullied as children. For others, boxing was a means of survival. In many cases, it was an escape from a way of life that most people couldn’t even fathom.”

At one point, Steve recounts a ringside ritual that he followed when he was behind the microphone for Showtime Boxing: “I would precisely line up my trio of beverages – coffee, water, soda – on the far edge of the table closest to the ring apron. Perhaps the best advice I ever received from Ferdie [broadcast partner Ferdie Pacheco] was early on in my blow-by-blow career – ‘Always cover your coffee at ringside with an index card unless you like your coffee with cream, sugar, and blood.’”

Writing about the prelude to the infamous Holyfield-Tyson “bite fight,” Albert recalls, “I remember thinking that Tyson was going to do something unusual that night. I had this sinking feeling in my gut that he was going to pull something exceedingly out of the ordinary. His grousing about Holyfield’s head butts in the first fight added to my concern. [But] nobody could have foreseen what actually happened. Had I opened that broadcast with, ‘Folks, tonight I predict that Mike Tyson will bite off a chunk of Evander Holyfield’s ear,’ some fellas in white coats might have approached me and said, ‘Uh, Steve, could you come with us.'”

And then there’s my favorite line in the book: “I once asked a fighter if he was happily married,” Albert recounts. “He said, ‘Yes, but my wife’s not.'”

“All I ever wanted was to be a sportscaster,” Albert says in closing. “I didn’t always get it right, but I tried to do my job with honesty and integrity. For forty-five years, calling games was my life. I think it all worked out.”

Thomas Hauser’s email address is thomashauserwriter@gmail.com. His next book – The Most Honest Sport: Two More Years Inside Boxing – will be published this month and is available for preorder at:

https://www.amazon.com/Most-Honest-Sport-Inside-Boxing/dp/1955836329

In 2019, Hauser was selected for boxing’s highest honor – induction into the International Boxing Hall of Fame.

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Argentina’s Fernando Martinez Wins His Rematch with Kazuto Ioka

Published

2 days ago

May 11, 2025

Arne K. Lang

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In an excellent fight climaxed by a furious 12^th round, Argentina’s Fernando Daniel Martinez came off the deck to win his rematch with Kazuto Ioka and retain his piece of the world 115-pound title. The match was staged at Ioka’s familiar stomping grounds, the Ota-City General Gymnasium in Tokyo.

In their first meeting on July 7 of last year in Tokyo, Martinez was returned the winner on scores of 117-111, 116-112, and a bizarre 120-108. The rematch was slated for late December, but Martinez took ill a few hours before the weigh-in and the bout was postponed.

The 33-year-old Martinez, who came in sporting a 17-0 (9) record, was a 7-2 favorite to win the sequel, but there were plenty of reasons to favor Ioka, 36, aside from his home field advantage. The first Japanese male fighter to win world titles in four weight classes, Ioka was 3-0 in rematches and his long-time trainer Ismael Salas was on a nice roll. Salas was 2-0 last weekend in Times Square, having handled upset-maker Rolly Romero and Reito Tsutsumi who was making his pro debut.

But the fourth time was not a charm for Ioka (31-4-1) who seemingly pulled the fight out of the fire in round 10 when he pitched the Argentine to the canvas with a pair of left hooks, but then wasn’t able to capitalize on the momentum swing.

Martinez set a fast pace and had Ioka fighting off his back foot for much of the fight. Beginning in round seven, Martinez looked fatigued, but the Argentine was conserving his energy for the championship rounds. In the end, he won the bout on all three cards: 114-113, 116-112, 117-110.

Up next for Fernando Martinez may be a date with fellow unbeaten Jesse “Bam” Rodriguez, the lineal champion at 115. San Antonio’s Rodriguez is a huge favorite to keep his title when he defends against South Africa’s obscure Phumelela Cafu on July 19 in Frisco, Texas.

As for Ioka, had he won today’s rematch, that may have gotten him over the hump in so far as making it into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. True, winning titles in four weight classes is no great shakes when the bookends are only 10 pounds apart, but Ioka is still a worthy candidate.

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Emanuel Navarrete Survives a Bloody Battle with Charly Suarez in San Diego

Published

2 days ago

May 11, 2025

David A. Avila

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In a torrid battle Mexico’s Emanuel “Vaquero” Navarrete and his staccato attack staved off the herky-jerky non-stop assaults of Philippine’s Charly Suarez to win by technical decision and retain the WBO super feather world title on Saturday.

What do they feed these guys?

Navarrete (40-2-1, 32 KOs) and his elongated arms managed to connect enough to compensate against the surprising Suarez (18-1, 10 KOs) who wowed the crowd at Pechanga Arena in San Diego.

An accidental clash of heads opened a cut on the side of Navarrete’s left eye and forced a stoppage midway through the fight.

From the opening round Navarrete used his windmill style of attack with punches from different angles that caught Suarez multiple times early. It did not matter. Suarez fired back with impunity and was just as hungry to punch it out with the Mexican fighter.

It was savage.

Every time Navarrete connected solidly, he seemed to pause and check out the damage. Bad idea. Suarez would immediately counter with bombs of his own and surprise the champion with his resilience and tenacity.

Wherever they found Suarez they should look for more, because the Filipino fighter from Manila was ferocious and never out of his depth.

Around the sixth round the Mexican fighter seemed a little drained and puzzled at the tireless attacks coming from Suarez. During an exchange of blows a cut opened up on Navarrete and it was ruled an accidental clash of heads by the referee. Blood streamed down the side of Navarrete’s face and it was cleared by the ringside physician.

But at the opening of the eighth round, the fight was stopped and the ringside physician ruled the cut was too bad to continue. The California State Athletic Commission looked at tape of the round when the cut opened to decipher if it was an accidental butt or a punch that caused the cut. It was unclear so the referee’s call of accidental clash of heads stood as the final ruling.

Score cards from the judges saw Navarrete the winner by scores of 78-75, 77-76 twice. He retains the WBO title.

Interim IBF Lightweight Title

The sharp-shooting Raymond “Danger” Muratalla (23-0, 17 KOs) maneuvered past Russia’s Zaur Abdullaev (20-2, 12 KOs) by unanimous decision to win the interim IBF lightweight title after 12 rounds.

Both fighters were strategic in their approach with Muratalla switching from orthodox to southpaw at various times of the fight. Neither fighter was ever able to dominant any round.

Defense proved the difference between the two lightweights. Muratalla was able to slip more blows than Abdullaev and that proved the difference. The fighter from Fontana, California was able to pierce Abdullaev’s guard more often than not, especially with counter punches.

Abdullaev was never out of the fight. The Russian fighter was able to change tactics and counter the counters midway through the fight. It proved effective especially to the body. But it was not enough to offset Muratalla’s accuracy.

There were no knockdowns and after 12 rounds the judges scored it 118-110, 119-109 twice for Muratalla who now becomes the mandatory for the IBF lightweight title should Vasyl Lomachenko return to defend it.

Muratalla was brief.

“He was a tough fighter,” said Muratalla. “My defense is something I work on a lot.”

Perla Wins

Super flyweight Perla Bazaldua (2-0) eased past Mona Ward (0-2) with a polished display of fighting at length and inside.

Combination punching and defense allowed Bazaldua to punch in-between Ward’s attacks and force the St. Louis fighter to clinch repeatedly. But Ward hung in there despite taking a lot of blows. After four rounds the Los Angeles-based Bazaldua was scored the winner 40-36 on all three cards. Bazaldua signed a long term contract with Top Rank in March.

Photo credit: Mikey Williams / Top Rank

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